Overflow of water from oceans, rivers, lakes etc. is called flood. Usually we have to face floods every year. During monsoon, the rivers in our country overflow. Floods sweep over agricultural field and destroy crops. Flooded rivers also sweep away villages and towns. This kills people and domestic animals in a large number.
Floods may occur because of deforestation, heavy rain, glacial lake outburst and overgrazing. These are the major factors of flood. Sometimes, a flood is caused due to the destruction of dams. Sometimes, landslides in the river which block the flow of water may cause a flood.
Aquatic animals are also killed by floods. It affects the natural balance badly. Floods also damage buildings and other development structures. They causes different types of epidemics diseases and reduce natural vegetation.
To reduce the probability of floods and to minimize its effects, reforestation should be done on necked and barren lands. The flow of water can be diverted by making dams and diversion channels. The glacial lakes, which are likely to burst, should be identified and drained out.
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